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中文名称 硼酸
英文名称 Boric Acid
中文别名 正硼酸；焦硼酸
英文别名 Acidum boricum; boracic acid; boraic acid; Borofax; boron trihydroxide; E284; orthoboric acid; trihydroxyborene.
化学名称 硼酸
CAS号 10043-35-3
UNII(唯一标识码) R57ZHV85D4
分 子 式 H3BO3
分 子 量 61.83
结 构 式
分 类 pH值调节剂;抑菌防腐剂
用 途
本品具有酸化、抑菌等作用。在药剂中作pH值调节剂、抑菌防腐剂等。[1]
Boric acid is used as an antimicrobial preservative in eye drops,cosmetic products, ointments, and topical creams. It is also used as an antimicrobial preservative in foods.Boric acid and borate have good buffering capacity and are used to control pH; they have been used for this purpose in external
preparations such as eye drops.Boric acid has also been used therapeutically in the form of suppositories to treat yeast infections.In dilute concentrations it is used as a mild antiseptic, with weak bacteriostatic and fungistatic properties, although it has generally been superseded by more effective and less toxic disinfectants. [2]
[1]萧三贯.最新国家药用辅料标准手册[M].中国医药科技电子出版社
[2] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
给药途径
耳用、眼用、外用[1]
[1]FDA. Inactive Ingredient Search for Approved Drug Product［EB/OL］.(2010-10-22)[2010-12-23].http://db.yaozh.com/fdafuliao
储存条件
Boric acid is hygroscopic and should therefore be stored in an air-tight, sealed container. The container must be labeled ‘Not for Internal Use’.
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
安 全 性
Boric acid is a weak bacteriostatic and antimicrobial agent, and has been used in topical preparations such as eye lotions, mouthwashesand gargles. It has also been used in US- and Japanese-approved intravenous products. Solutions of boric acid were formerly used to wash out body cavities, and as applications to wounds and ulcers, although the use of boric acid for these purposes is now regarded as inadvisable owing to the possibility of absorption.
Boric acid is not used internally owing to its toxicity. It is poisonous by ingestion and moderately toxic by skin contact. Experimentally it has proved
to be toxic by inhalation and subcutaneous routes, and moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and intravenous routes. Boric acid is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and from damaged skin, wounds, and mucous membranes, although it does not readily permeate intact skin. The main symptoms of boric acid poisoning are abdominal pain, diarrhea, erythematous rash involving both skin and mucous membrane, and vomiting. These symptoms may be followed by desquamation, and stimulation or depression of the central nervous system. Convulsions, hyperpyrexia, and renal tubular damage have been known to occur.
Death has occurred from ingestion of less than 5 g in young children, and of 5–20 g in adults. Fatalities have occurred most frequently in young children after the accidental ingestion of solutions of boric acid, or after the application of boric acid powder to abraded skin.
The permissible exposure limit (PEL) of boric acid is 15mg/m3 total dust, and 5mg/m3 respirable fraction for nuisance dusts.
LdLo (man, oral): 429mg/kg
LdLo (woman, oral): 200mg/kg
LdLo (infant, oral): 934mg/kg
LdLo (man, skin): 2.43 g/kg
LdLo (infant, skin): 1.20 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, oral): 3.45 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, IV): 1.24 g/kg
LD50 (mouse, SC): 1.74 g/kg
LD50 (rat, oral): 2.660 g/kg
LD50 (rat, IV): 1.33 g/kg
LD50 (rat, SC): 1.4 g/kg
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
禁 忌
Boric acid is incompatible with water, strong bases and alkali metals. It reacts violently with potassium and acid anhydrides. It also forms a complex with glycerin, which is a stronger acid than boric acid. [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
来源与制备
在自然界中存在有天然硼砂矿、硼砂（MgO，B2O3），一般用中和法和碳氨法可制成本品。中和法是将硼砂溶解，加入盐酸和硫酸中和，经结晶、分离、干燥而成。碳氨法是将硼砂粉与碳酸氢铵溶液混合后，加热分解成硼酸铵液料，再经脱氨而成[1]。
[1]萧三贯.最新国家药用辅料标准手册[M].中国医药科技电子出版社
管理情况
Accepted for use as a food additive in Europe. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (IV injections; ophthalmic preparations; (auricular) otic solutions; topical preparations). Reported in the EPA TSCA Inventory. In the UK, the use of boric acid in cosmetics and toiletries is restricted. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients. [1]
[1] Raymond C Rowe,Paul J Sheskey and Marian E Quinn[M].Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 6th Ed. RPS Publishing,UK
信息来源 北京大学医学部
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默克和中国的渊源可以追溯到1900年。当时默克便开始了在中国的业务，通过上海，广州，天津等口岸经营高纯度化学品。
一个多世纪后的今天。默克已经在中国的主要城市设立了自己的分支机构。历史见证了默克在中国的发展轨迹。默克化工技术（上海）有限公司成立于1997年，作为默克化工旗下的独资子公司，从事默克化工旗下药用原辅料等产品在中国市场的开拓。2005年默克集团在上海成立了中国采购中心，支持整个默克集团在中国的原材料采购，为化工产品和医药产品建立新的原材料供应源，为供应商和默克集团带来价值增值服务。
今天，作为默克集团在全球的四大市场之一，默克化工在中国拥有6个分公司，覆盖全国的18个城市，员工超过700名。
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